Catapults: Although the catapult has been used since ancient times, it has proven to be one of the most effective mechanisms during warfare. As well as attempting to breach the walls, incendiary missiles could be thrown inside, and early biological warfare attempted with diseased carcasses or putrid garbage catapulted over the walls.
Ballista: Ballistas were similar to giant crossbows and were designed to work through torsion. The ammunition used were basically giant arrows or darts made from wood with an iron tip. These arrows were then shot “along a flat trajectory” at a target. Ballistas are notable for their high degree of accuracy, but also their lack of firepower compared to that of a Mangonel or Trebuchet.
Springald: The springald's design is similar to that of the Ballista's, in that it was effectively a crossbow propelled by tension. The Springald's frame was more compact, allowing for use inside tighter confines, such as the inside of a castle or tower. This compromised the firepower though, making it an anti-personnel weapon at best.
Mangonel: These machines were designed to throw heavy projectiles from a “bowl-shaped bucket at the end of its arm”. Mangonels were mostly used for “firing various missiles at fortresses, castles, and cities,” with a range of up to 1300 feet. These missiles included anything from stones to excrement to rotting carcasses. Mangonels were relatively simple to construct, and eventually wheels were added to increase mobility.
Onager: Mangonels are also sometimes referred to as Onagers. Onager catapults initially launched projectiles from a sling, which was later changed to a “bowl-shaped bucket”.
Trebuchet: Trebuchets are probably the most powerful catapult. The most commonly used ammunition were stones, but “darts and sharp wooden poles” could be substituted if necessary. The most effective kind of ammunition though involved fire, such as “firebrands, and deadly Greek Fire”.

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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TSU1jQoGIqo&feature=player_embedded

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i don't know for sure, but the worst bb wound i know of is getting it lodged under your skin. i know airsoft guns can hurt, and plastic bb's are usually bought in bulk compared to most other kinds of guns, but i have doubts about anyone being killed with bb guns unless it is some kind of one in a million shots that hits them in their jugular. i know pellets are more powerful and accurate, so i will believe that, but aside from pain (which has little to no effect on zombies) is there any use for a gun such as the Daisy Red Ryder? i have one and i know it hurts (ricochet of stone), but i have even hit squirrels with it and it doesn't hurt them. maybe it is good to deter any raiders because i know that even from medium distance, it can still sting a little, and eye shots are blinding.

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